我今天能在同济大学发言,首先要感谢杨贤金教授,伍江教授和李风亭教授的热情邀请。我也要感谢所有在座的各位——因为我需要你们的帮助。
人类活动对地球大气层、地质层和生态系统造成了巨大影响,国际上许多科学家,包括中科院安芷生院士指出我们正生活在人类世时代。也就是说,假设数百万年后人类还存在的话,他们将会从岩石和冰川上清晰地看到我们曾经存在的痕迹。
人类世究竟始于农业的发展;工业革命;还是人口、消耗和浪费过度增长的时代,尚存在争议。但是毫无疑问的是,这个时代,全球正以快于历史1000倍的速度经历气候变暖,生物多样性锐减的厄运,而这一切都是我们造成的。
然而,这也是你们的时代。你们身处其中,决定是否维持“塑料星球”的“常态经济状态”,或者在某种程度上塑造你的职业,提高发达国家和尚在能源和贫困问题中挣扎的发展中国家的人们的生活质量。要知道,8亿人口经受饥饿的同时却有1/3的食物被浪费。1/4的地球表面面积经受环境退化;6000万人正在逃离战乱和疾病,这是历史上最大规模的人口迁徙。
正如詹姆士·马丁在《有线社会》一书中所说,“为了改变现状,我们必须过渡到新的技术,新的社会形态,新的消费产品,新的生产和花费方式中去”。
“新的方式”正是指可持续发展2030议程,去年九月,近200个国家在纽约签署了这一协议。它为打造一个健康的星球提供了宏伟但是必要的基础,并且没有人被遗忘在一边。这一议程也极大地受益于中国正在建设的新常态,新常态强调将社会经济发展质量置于第十三个五年计划的中心位置。过去的两个五年计划已经显示了中国有决心改变过去能量密集型增长方式,完成2030年所设的排放目标。
然而,新的五年计划通过引入生态文明这一概念进一步重新平衡经济增长,着重于服务、创新、减少不公平和维护环境的可持续性等领域。换言之,正如你们正在踏入职业生涯的规划之年,2030议程和第十三个五年计划前所未有地达成契合,两个计划都在重新思考如何在人类世时代生存。从大的层面来说,每一种尝试和努力的成功与否都基于公共和私营部门所采取的综合学科研究方法,这依赖于今天在座的各位,但同样也需要个人和企业通过有意义的行动将这些方法和政策付诸行动。让我举个例子。我还是学生的时候,你们中大多数还没出生,当时,想要弥补对臭氧层的破坏看起来是不可能的任务。大部分人甚至没有听说过臭氧层,而你很难向人们解释清楚一个他们看不到的洞。
因此解决这一问题需要国际社会在科学、政策和行动上协同一致。一方面,这促成了维也纳会议和蒙特利尔协议的诞生,这两者是最早的国际间环境合作条款,我们也希望以后会有更多类似的合作协议出台。另一方面,这也促成了在T恤上印信息,搞宣传的时尚。
现在这看起来似乎有一点过时,但在社交媒体和互联网出现以前,任何点滴举动都能起到作用。最初设定目标在12年内将5种氟氯烷碳化合物减少一半,最终实现了10年内消除15种氟氯烷碳化合物,臭氧层有望在本世纪中叶之前恢复到1980年以前的水平。让数百万人免受皮肤癌或者白内障的侵害,证明了通过全球性大规模协作寻求改变是可能的。
实施2030议程和十三五计划,也存在矛盾叠加、风险隐患增多的情况,但幸运的是这一次我们有经验,并非从头开始。
我这次来上海是应邀参加G20财长会议。会上我们将讨论未来15年内在环保领域投资 90万亿美元,以及为何大部分的资金来源于私营部门。比如,中国人民银行和国务院发展研究中心预测中国每年在环保上需要4000亿美元的投入,其中至少85%来自私营部门。
环境、社会和财政方面的合作是极其复杂的。这也是为何联合国环境署要花20年的时间与全球数百家金融机构商讨以便更好地理解各个问题和机遇,使每个国家的社会和个人投资回报最大化。比如我们协助中国人民银行成立了一个超过百名成员的特别工作组,这个工作组致力于14个提案的撰写,旨在建立绿色金融系统,包括债券,税收改革以及排放权交易。
好消息是越来越多的私营部门投资者意识到地球和人类的健康同样意味着良好的收益。以可再生能源为例,国际能源机构的数据显示未来20年内对更经济可行的能源进行有效投资将会促进经济累计产量增加18万亿美元,这一数量比美国,加拿大和墨西哥经济产量总和还要多。这同样解释了为什么今天清洁能源的产品数量超过了原计划的三倍之多,为什么2014年在可再生产品上的投资在全世界范围内增长了17% 以及在发展中国家增长了2倍,为什么在过去5年内的就业数量翻了一番,几乎达到800万。
你们中的许多人正在考虑未来的职业规划,值得注意的是作为全球最大的氢能、风能和太阳能生产国,中国占到了全球投资总额的1/3,拥有近350万相关工作岗位。
这一趋势为未来60年的低碳经济开了一个好头,也是努力落实巴黎气候协议的体现。但是更大的挑战在于如何以最快的速度最大程度上扭转地球变暖的趋势,将温度上升限制在不超过1.5摄氏度的范围之内。因为科学家告诉我们,如不立即行动,所造成的破坏将是不可逆转的。
谷歌moonshots计划中著名的“10-X”文化,强调不追求比原先进步1/10,而是比原来好十倍。这种精神是我们这个世界所需要的,我们需要比谷歌更谷歌——在方方面面,在每一项研究中,在每一种工作中。
庆幸的是一切都正在发生。来自前沿的创新行动正努力将政策转化成实际的利益,并且引领包容性绿色经济的转型。
回到肯尼亚,联合国环境署的总部,M-KOPA提供了一种“现购现付”的太阳能模式。在肯尼亚,坦桑尼亚和乌干达,超过200,000户人家已经在使用这种太阳能,并且正以每天500家的数量增加。 这是绿色经济转型中出现的一种新型商业模式。
当然,廉价的清洁电力也带来其他收益。健康和教育就是其中显而易见的两方面,那么交通又如何呢?
重污染两轮摩托车的使用在非洲发展迅速。在中国,超过1亿5千万的摩托车已经被更经济方便的出行方式所取代。因此,越来越多获取清洁能源的方式为非洲的技术跨越和中国的绿色产业输出打开了一扇大门。
这种绿色技术的飞跃也发生在其他领域。想想叠层制造技术——或者3D打印。结合大数据的力量和革命性的新产物石墨烯和纳米技术,人类掌握了通往第四次产业革命的钥匙。一系列物质经过转化被再利用,例如将一次性塑料和其他废弃物变为汽车零部件和医疗供材,气象站和太阳能板基地等等。
在交通方面,特别是飞机,3D打印将创造更轻巧的零部件,以便减少排放和噪音。同时,它也大大减少了传统金属零件的浪费,从90%下降到5%左右。精细的零部件已经实现标准化生产,但是当结合了工程专业——例如仿生学,所带来的效益将更为巨大。
这种潜能在建筑方面也同样适用。建设、操作和拆毁等作业会造成超过1/3的二氧化碳排放、废弃物的产生、能源和材料的消耗。但请注意,这是早期的情况,自从在阿姆斯特丹的运河上架设了一座3D桥梁,以及中国首次在住宅建设上使用3D技术后,建筑师和城市规划师将进入一个环保的新世界。
快速、廉价地在本地生产这些产品不仅能够降低成本,减少交通排放,如若这种模式被复制,能创造无尽的可能,反过来加速技术新浪潮的到来。
今天,地球上70亿人口中,一半多人居住在城市,相比较下,1950年全球仅有25亿人口,那时城市人口占1/3。但是到了2050年,全球预计会有90亿左右的人口,其中接近3/4在城市居住,占全球GDP的3/4,消耗地球资源和自然资源3/4,并且产生全球3/4的二氧化碳和废弃物。
人口可以快速地增长,可是地球的资源是有限而脆弱的。
作为全球十大城市之一的上海,已经快速采取了技术措施,从而在很大程度上帮助解决这一挑战——比如超级电容和氢燃料电池汽车,以及在同济校园里看到的节能节水设施。但是随着越来越多的特大城市迅速崛起,我们需要鼓励更多的知识共享和公共—私营部门更紧密的合作,保证城市的可持续发展,同时保护人类赖以生存的生态系统。
这需要全世界的共同努力,也意味着我们必须重新思考我们生产的方式。
我相信你们中的许多人已经很熟悉生命周期评价的概念,就是对一个产品从最初设计,生产到最后的报废和回收全过程进行跟踪与定量分析,将环境足迹考虑在内——我希望你们已经有人使用了联合国环境规划署和代尔夫特大学共同编撰的可持续设计指导条例。但我们需要更深一步地推广这一理念——我们要让那些产品设计者知道这个概念,并对他们使用的设计材料和技术进行研究。
比起事后确定、追溯和解决问题来说,自动地采取一种完善的生命周期评估将会更容易实施。环保化学家约翰·华纳和保罗·阿纳斯塔斯为这种前期的评估举过一个很好的例子。他们倡导重新思考培养未来化学家和设计师的教学方法,包括建立机制更好地理解材料的毒性和对环境的影响——这也确保了新一代可持续绿色化学的产生,从而为跨行业进步创造了条件。考虑到保罗研究了23年才获得了纯的二氧芑,他知道他在说什么。
回想那个不可思议的成功故事,氟氯碳以及其他臭氧损耗物质的淘汰的扭转了臭氧层的减少趋势。很多物质都被氢氟烃所取代,当时人们认为氢氟烃不会对臭氧层造成直接破坏。但随着时间的推移,科学家发现氢氟烃会加速地球变暖。如今,一些科学家估计氢氟烃所造成的地球变暖的影响是二氧化碳的10,000倍。研究表明这种吸收红外线辐射的物质会聚集在平流层中,尽管它不会以同样的方式破坏臭氧层,但也会对环境产生负面影响。因此,如今我们需要新的替代物。
试想一下——全世界有多少高学历的建筑师、工程师、行业设计者、投资家和政策制定者了解化学品选择背后的广泛内涵?或者反之亦然。今天在座的各位同学来自不同的大学——但是除了正式的活动,你们平时多久会找机会合作一次呢?
苹果或许是一个一流的技术品牌,但是史蒂夫乔布斯一再重申,他们最初的成功很大程度归功于合并了字体选择,而他的这一决定源于他无意中上过的书法课。
正是这种结果,显示了为何有必要改用一种更具战略性的合作方法取代不断摸索,反复试验的循环,我们要转变我们前期研究、教育,思考的方式。这也是为何联合国环境规划署如此致力于和同济大学合作创办可持续发展学院,以及发展全球大学环境与可持续发展伙伴关系项目,如今该项目在全球已有800个成员。另外,环境可持续学生大会也在日益成长。
出售了贝宝(PayPal)公司的股票, 埃隆·马斯克建立了环保车公司Tesla,家用光伏发电项目公司Solar City以及太空探索技术公司SpaceX。埃隆·马斯克非常了解合作的意义,以及重新思考已有的秩序。用他的话来说:“不断思考你如何能做的更好以及不断质疑你自己。”
全世界范围内,很多年轻人也加入了这一行列。以去年地球数据创新之眼的决赛选手为例。“新加坡鸟瞰图”运用了他们收集来的空气质量数据,制定个性化污染指标,指导人们调整他们的行为。“伐木道路”地图阐释了刚果盆地10,000多条伐木路的状况,指出违规、毁坏等行为的存在,并强调了潜在的陆地权利冲突。 “砍伐热带雨林”项目通过为前线社区赋权,运用电子地图和无人机来对抗亚马逊地区的环境威胁。
这也是我在开始提到需要你们帮助的地方。下周联合国野生动植物日的主题是杜绝偷猎大象,我们也需要运用一些创新性的思考应对非法象牙交易等问题。
习近平主席关于禁止交易的承诺,相关组织和个人发起的运动,以及联合国环境署亲善大使李冰冰的呼吁都对象牙的贬值起到了帮助作用。但是提升公众的意识还有一段很长的路要走。技术在其中起到十分关键的作用,你们中的许多人知道如何将想法变为行动。我们有一个专门的网站,人们可以在上面分享他们采取了哪些行动庆祝世界野生动物日。我希望等我下周浏览的时候,你们中有人已参与其中。
女士们,先生们,人类世的故事将会在未来几千年内不断续写。大象或者其他生物是否能有一个快乐的结局取决于我们是否能用一种“新常态”来替代“传统的经济模式”。
我们这一代人的故事将在2030议程,巴黎协议以及未来的行动中见证成与败。现在你们必须书写你们自己的故事。你们可以选择事不关己,依赖他人。或者你可以成为建筑师、律师、工程师、政治家、科学家、企业领导者和投资家,尽力去解决中国以及全世界人类文明所面临的挑战。这是只有你们能够书写的故事,但是我期待能够看到它们。
谢谢亲爱的同学们!
附英文版:
Stories from the Anthropocene - lecture by UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner at the Tongji University in Shanghai
I would like to thank Professors Yang Xianjin, Pei Gang, Wu Jiang and Li Fengting for their kind invitation to speak here today and I would like to thank all of you for coming along - because I need your help.
Human activity now has such impact on the atmosphere, geology and ecosystems of the planet, that an international team of scientists, including Professor An Zhisheng of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has confirmed that we are living in the age of the Anthropocene. In other words, assuming there are actually still people around in a couple of million years, they will see very clear traces of our existence in the rocks and ice.
There is still debate about whether the age of the Anthropocene started with the spread of agriculture, the industrial revolution or the 'Great Acceleration' of population, consumption and waste. But there is no debate that this is an age when our actions are indelibly inked on the very fabric of the planet as it warms and it loses biodiversity at over a thousand times the historical rate.
However, this is also your age. The era in which you will decide whether to maintain 'business as normal' for the plastic planet or to shape your chosen career in a way that improves the lives of people in both developed and developing world struggling with issues like energy and poverty; of 800 million people going hungry while a third of all food is wasted and quarter of the earth's surface is degraded; and the lives of 60 million people fleeing conflict and disaster as part of the biggest human migration of any age.
As James Martin said in The Wired Society: "To heal, we have to move to new technologies, new social patterns, new types of consumer products, new ways of generating and spending wealth."
That 'new way' is the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which nearly 200 nations committed to last September in New York. It provides ambitious, but essential, foundations on which to build a healthy planet with healthy people - where nobody is left behind. And that Agenda will benefit considerably from the so called 'new normal' that China is building, by putting the quality of socio-economic development at the center of the 13th Five Year Plan. The last two plans already showed a determined move away from energy intensive growth, in line with emissions targets set for 2030.
However, the new plan goes even further towards rebalancing economic growth with a thriving ecological civilization by focusing on services, innovation, reduced inequality and environmental sustainability.
In other words, just as you enter the formative years of your careers, the 2030 Agenda and the 13th Five Year Plan converge in an unprecedented opportunity to rethink living in the age of the Anthropocene. To a large degree, the success or failure of each endeavor rests on the ability of the public and private sectors to adopt the kind of multidisciplinary approach reflected in the audience here today. But it will also be determined by the ability of individual citizens and companies to bring those policies to life with meaningful action on the ground.
Let me give you an example. When I was a student and most of you had yet to be born, the seemingly impossible task on the table was reversing damage to the ozone layer. Most people had never even heard of the ozone layer and you can't exactly show them an invisible hole to explain the problem.
So tackling this required an extraordinary international alignment of science, policy and action. At one end of the scale this gave birth to the Vienna Convention and its Montreal Protocol, which became the first environmental treaties with universal membership - though hopefully not the last. At the other end, getting the message out included things like setting a craze for T-shirts with messages on them.
That might seem a bit old school now, but in the days before social media and the internet every little helped. From the original target of halving five CFCs in 12 years, 15 were eliminated in just 10 years and the ozone will be restored to pre-1980 levels by the middle of this century, sparing millions a diagnosis of skin cancer or cataracts and proving that massive globally orchestrated change is possible.
The stakes are just as high for the 2030 Agenda and the 13th Five Year Plan, but the good news is that this time we are not starting from scratch.
I am in Shanghai at the invitation of the G20 Finance Ministers and Governors. We will be discussing the need to invest $90 trillion in green sectors over the next 15 years and why most of it will have to come from the private sector. For example, the People's Bank of China and the Development Research Centre of the State Council estimate that while China will need up to $400 billion a year in green investments, at least 85 per cent will have to come from the private sector.
The interaction between environmental, social and financial performance is extremely complex. That's why UNEP has spent 20 years working with hundreds of global financial institutions to better understand the issues and opportunities and to help individual states maximize the return on public and private investment. For example, we helped the People's Bank of China to support a task force of more than 100 members. It's working on 14 ambitious proposals to green the financial system, including bonds, tax reforms and emissions trading.
The good news is that private sector players are increasingly aware that a healthy planet and healthy people can also mean a healthy return for shareholders. Look at the renewable energy sector. Figures from the International Energy Agency show that wider adoption of more economically viable energy efficiency investments could boost cumulative economic output by $18 trillion in the next 20 years. That's more than the combined economic output of the US, Canada and Mexico. It explains why, today, clean energy production is running at more than triple the original targets; why investment in renewables increased by 17 per cent globally in 2014 and by double that in developing countries; and why the number of jobs has doubled to almost eight million in just the last five years.
With many of you thinking about future careers, it's worth noting that as the world's biggest generator of hydro, wind and solar capacity, China accounts for a third of that investment and nearly three and a half million of those jobs.
That approach provides a good start to decarbonizing the economy during the next 60 years and is the kind of effort that will help deliver the Paris Climate Change Agreement. But the big challenge will be to scale it up enough quickly enough to shift the predicted global warming trajectory down to the 1.5 per cent that the science now tells us is necessary - before the damage is irreversible.
Google is famous for its culture of '10-X' moonshots - in other words aiming not for an improvement that is 10 per cent better, but for an improvement that is 10 times better. That's what we need to the world to do - we need to out-Google Google - in every sector, in every branch of research, in every walk of life.
The good news is that it's already happening. Actions at the frontier of innovation are translating policy into benefits for real people and spearheading an inclusive, green economy.
Back in Kenya, where UNEP is headquartered, M-KOPA offers "pay-as-you-go" off-grid solar energy. Over 200,000 homes in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda are already connected and 500 more added each day. It's an example of the dynamic new business models emerging in the transition to a green economy.
Of course, clean affordable electricity brings other benefits. Health and education are the obvious ones, but what about transport?
The use of heavily polluting two-stroke motorbikes is growing fast in Africa. Yet in China, over 150 million of them have been replaced with financially and technically viable alternatives. So, the growing access to clean energy could also open the doors to a clean tech-leapfrog for Africa and a green export industry for China.
That kind of green technology leapfrog is coming in other areas too. Think about additive layer manufacturing - or 3D printing to its friends. Combined with the power of big data and innovative new arrivals like graphene and nanotechnology, it could hold the key to the fourth industrial revolution. It's already transforming a range of substances from single use disposable plastic and other waste into anything from car parts and medical supplies to weather stations and solar panel bases.
For transport, particularly areas like aviation, 3D printing will create lighter parts that cut emissions and noise, but will also drastically cut the waste levels associated with traditional metal part drilling from 90 per cent to around 5 per cent. Small parts are already standard manufacturing practice, but when combined with engineering specialties like biomimicry the benefits are enormous.
The potential will be similar for the building sector, where construction, operation and demolition are responsible for over a third of all CO2 emissions, waste products and energy and material resources. Again, it's early days, but with a 3D bridge to be printed over a canal in Amsterdam and the first steps into 3D house building in China, architects and urban planners are about to enter a new world of environmental benefits.
Being able to manufacture such products quickly, cheaply and locally not only cuts costs and transport emissions, but it opens up endless possibilities for prototyping that will in turn accelerate the arrival of a whole new wave of technology.
Today, more than half of the world's seven billion population lives in cities, compared to just a third in 1950 when the population was just 2.5 billion. By 2050, when there will be around nine billion people, that figure will be closer to three quarters of the population living in urban areas accounting for three quarters of global GDP, consuming three quarters of global energy and natural resources and generating three quarters of global CO2 emissions and waste.
The population may be increasing rapidly, but the planet has finite and increasingly fragile resources to sustain it.
As one of the world's ten largest cities, Shanghai is already quick to adopt technological solutions that can help tackle challenges on that scale - like super capacitor and hydrogen fuel cell buses, and energy and water efficient facilities like the Tongji Campus. But with the number of mega-cities forecast to grow, we will need to see more knowledge sharing and a more integrated public-private approach to delivering sustainable urbanization, while protecting the ecosystems so vital to sustaining life.
And this has to be on a global scale. That means completely rethinking the way we do things from the very beginning.
I'm sure that many of you are already familiar with the concept of lifecycle evaluation, where you take account of the environmental footprint from the design of a new product through operation to final dismantling and recycling - hopefully some of you have even used the Design for Sustainability Guidelines that UNEP's International Resource Panel developed with Delft University. But it's becoming clear that we need to take this idea further - right back into the education of the people who will design the products and the research into the materials and techniques that will be available to them.
This would make it easier to automatically take a full lifecycle approach, instead of having to identify, track and resolve problems after the fact. Green chemists John Warner and Paul Anastas make a good case for this front loaded approach. They advocate a fundamental rethink of teaching methods for the chemists and designers of the future to include a better understanding of issues like toxicity and environmental mechanisms - thereby enabling a new generation of sustainable green chemistry to emerge and to support a whole range of cross-industry improvements. Given that Paul Anastas worked for 23 years to get a single dioxin banned he knows what he's talking about.
Now, think back to the incredible success story, where the elimination of CFCs and other ozone depleting substances reversed the decline of the Ozone layer. Many of those substances were replaced with HFCs, which at the time were not thought to directly harm the ozone. But over time scientists discovered that HFCs could accelerate global warming. Now, some estimates put the global warming impact of some HFCs at up to 10,000 times that of carbon dioxide and research is emerging to suggest that when you put this much infrared radiation-absorbing material in the stratosphere, it doesn't destroy ozone in the same way, but it does make a difference. So, we find ourselves in need of another substitute.
If you extrapolate that thinking - how many of the architects, engineers, industrial designers, investors and policy makers being educated around the world will understand the massive implication of chemical choices? Or vice versa? There are students here today from several different universities - but outside of formal events, how often do you routinely seek opportunities to collaborate?
Apple might be a leading tech brand, but Steve Jobs said repeatedly that a big part of their initial success was the decision to incorporate font options - a decision that resulted from him casually dropping into a calligraphy class.
That's the kind of result that shows why it makes sense to replace the cycle of trial and error, with a more strategic shift in the way we address research, education and cross-fertilisation of ideas up front. It's also why UNEP remains so committed to working with Tongji University on the Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development (IESD), the Global Universities Partnership on Environment and Sustainability (GUPES), which now has about 800 members around the world, and the Student Conference on Environment Sustainability, which is going from strength to strength.
Having used his own money from the sale of PayPal to found Tesla electric cars, Solar City and SpaceX, Elon Musk knows a thing or two about collaborating and about rethinking the established order of things. In his words it's about: "Constantly think about how you could be doing things better and questioning yourself."
Around the world young people are doing just that. Take last year's finalists from the Eye on Earth Data Innovation Showcase. 'Airscapes Singapore' uses crowd-sourced air quality data to create personalized pollution metrics, which help people adapt their behavior. 'Logging Roads' maps over 10,000 logging roads in the Congo Basin to identify violations, degradation and highlight potential land right conflicts. And 'Hack The Rainforest' uses digital maps and drones to combat environment threats in the Amazon by empowering frontline communities.
But this is where I need that help I mentioned at the beginning. With elephant poaching at the heart of the United Nations' World Wildlife Day next week, it has to be possible to apply some of that innovative thinking to issues like the illegal ivory trade.
President Xi Jinping's commitment to ban the trade and campaigning by dedicated organizations and individuals UNEP Goodwill Ambassador Li Bingbing has already helped drastically cut the value of ivory. But there is still a long way to go in raising awareness on these issues and in staying ahead of the poachers. Technology has a key role to play and many of you know how to turn that idea into something tangible. There is a special website up for people to share their stories about actions being taken for World Wildlife Day. I hope that when I look next week, that some of you will have risen to the challenge!
Ladies and gentlemen, ultimately the stories from the Anthropocene will be written over thousands of years. Whether they have a happy ending for the elephants or any other living thing will depend on whether or not we can replace 'business as normal' with a 'new normal.'
The stories of my generation will be written in the success or failure of the 2030 Agenda, the Paris Agreement and the steps beyond. Now you must write your own stories. You can choose to fiddle in the corner and trust your fate to others. Or you can decide to be among the architects, lawyers, engineers, politicians, scientists, business leaders and investors that will pool their efforts to tackle the great civilizational challenges faced by China and the rest of the world. These are stories that only you can write, but I for one look forward to discovering them.
Thank you.
- See more at: http://www.unep.org/newscentre/Default.aspx?DocumentID=27059&ArticleID=36079&l=en#sthash.RQm2J68d.dpuf